Since 2001, Italy has been among the States that have adopted the Programme of Action to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects (PoA). 

As part of the PoA, the UN General Assembly adopted the International Tracing Instrument (ITI) in 2005, a global instrument for cooperation in weapons research. Every two years, States submit national reports on their implementation of the UN Programme of Action and its international tracing instrument. The last report was submitted by Italy in 2020.

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted on 7 July 2017. It was opened for signature on 20 September 2017, as of August 2022 it has been signed by 86 countries and ratified by 66. Italy, which voted against the resolution by which the UN General Assembly decided to convene the Treaty Drafting Conference, did not participate in the drafting of the Treaty and is not among the signatory countries.