The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child has recently published a list of issues for Italy, ahead of its next review on the implementation of children’s rights. While this step is part of the regular monitoring process, the document clearly points to a number of ongoing problems that Italy still needs to address in order to fully comply with its international obligations.

One of the main concerns is how children’s policies are implemented across the country. Italy has adopted several national strategies, including the Action Plan for Children (2025–2027), but responsibilities are divided between national, regional and local authorities. In practice, this fragmentation can lead to differences in how services are delivered, creating inequalities depending on where children live.

The Committee also highlights issues related to resources and coordination. It asks Italy to clarify how financial resources are allocated and whether there is an effective system to monitor spending on children’s rights. Without clear coordination and sufficient funding, even well-designed policies risk remaining only on paper. The Committee also raises concerns about gaps in data collection and the lack of a coordinated system to monitor children’s rights across the country.

Another important concern is inequality and discrimination, especially affecting children in vulnerable situations. Migrant children, Roma communities and children with disabilities are mentioned as groups that still face barriers in accessing education, healthcare and social support. This suggests that, although legal protections exist, they do not always translate into equal opportunities in everyday life.

The document also raises questions about access to justice. Delays in court proceedings and the lack of specialised legal assistance for children make it more difficult for them to claim their rights effectively. Ensuring child-friendly justice systems remains a key challenge.

Concerns about violence against children are also central. The Committee calls for stronger protection measures, better data collection and clearer legal definitions, particularly in cases of sexual abuse and online exploitation. It also refers to the need for independent investigations in sensitive cases, including those involving religious institutions.

Migration policies are another area under scrutiny. The Committee questions practices such as the detention of migrant children and stresses the importance of guaranteeing access to legal assistance, basic services and protection from forced return, in line with international standards.

Overall, the document shows that Italy has made progress at the legal and policy level, but important gaps remain in implementation. The upcoming review will be an important moment to assess whether these challenges will be addressed in a more consistent and effective way.