The Muscat Plan of Action: challenges and responses to the accelerating spread of hate speech

During the launch of the Muscat Plan of Action at the UN Headquarters in New York in June 2026, Mr Guterres, Secretary-General of the UN, stated that hate speech “divides communities, dehumanizes entire groups, and sets the stage for bloodshed”, “It is also deliberate – and a core component in the playbook for virtually every genocide and atrocity crime”. He further added that in order to break the cycle of hate speech, various actions are required: education, support for people targeted by abuse, stronger interventions by governments and technology companies, and deeper engagement with traditional and Indigenous leaders. Specifically, the Indigenous leaders contribute by bringing crucial knowledge of local realities, while commanding the respect and trust of their people.

Specifically, through unregulated platforms and artificial intelligence, hate speech is now spreading at a rapid pace. 

The Muscat Plan of Action is the result of a multi-stakeholder process led by the Sultanate of Oman, the UN Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect (UNOSAPG), and the Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers. The aim of this initiative is to highlight the role of traditional and Indigenous leaders in promoting peace and strengthening social cohesion. Furthermore, it aims to mediate local conflicts, prevent atrocity crimes and counter hate-filled narratives.

Mr. Guterres underlined that States can play a vital role through:

• strengthening accountability for digital platforms and ensure that user safety is built into the design of online products and services;
• reinforcing local capacity for prevention and mediation;
• supporting dialogue that builds mutual understanding and social cohesion;
• collaborate further among traditional, Indigenous and political actors.

Lastly, Mr. Guterres highlighted that States have clear obligations under international law to combat incitement to hatred and promote inclusion, respect for diversity and solidarity.