In Italy, the Supreme Court of Cassation is at the apex of ordinary jurisdiction; among the main functions attributed to it by the Fundamental Law on the Judiciary of January 30, 1941 No. 12 (Art. 65) is that of ensuring “the exact observance and uniform interpretation of the law, the unity of the national objective law, and respect for the limits of the different jurisdictions”.
The European Master's Programme in Human Rights and Democratisation (EMA) is a one-year, full-time course that provides a practice and policy-oriented approach to learning. It combines legal, political, historical, anthropological, and philosophical perspectives on human rights and democratisation with skill-building activities and a field trip exercise.
The Court is a mechanism of judicial review, established in 1950 under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the Council of Europe. The site offers publications, information, statistics, videos and other material that can be consulted.
A figure established by Regulation 45/2001, the European Data Protection Supervisor is responsible for ensuring that the right to privacy is respected in the processing of personal data by EU institutions and bodies, as also provided for in Articles 7 and 8 of the Nice Charter.
The Constitutional Court, in the Italian legal system, is the most important constitutional guarantee body. Its duties are to: verify the conformity with the Constitution of laws, state and regional, and acts having the force of law (control of constitutional legitimacy); settle conflicts of attribution between the powers of the State, between the State and the regions, and between the regions themselves; judge on charges brought against the President of the Republic; and verify the admissibility of abrogative referenda.
Elected by the European Parliament, the European Ombudsman considers complaints lodged by European citizens about instances of maladministration in the actions of Union institutions and bodies.
The Agency was established in 2007 for the purpose of providing assistance and expertise to European Union states in the field of fundamental rights. The site contains news and information relating to events, research projects and publications promoted by the Agency.
Established in 1951, IOM is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. IOM works to ensure the dignity, safety and protection of people in the most challenging crisis response contexts in the world and supports communities affected by or at risk of displacement whether caused to climate change, environmental degradation, conflict or instability.
The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) produces independent research and shares best practice to promote gender equality and eliminate discrimination based on gender.